ACT vs SAT: how the tests differ and how to choose
TutorAura guide · Updated
US colleges that consider test scores accept either the SAT or the ACT and don't prefer one over the other, so the right test is the one where you'll score better. Both have changed recently: the SAT is now digital and adaptive, and the enhanced ACT is shorter, with Science now optional and no longer counted in the Composite score (ACT).
The quickest way to choose is to take a full-length practice test of each under timed conditions and compare how you did and how it felt.
Key takeaways
- Colleges accept both; choose the test that suits you better.
- Digital SAT: 2 hours 14 minutes, adaptive, Reading and Writing plus Math, scored 400 to 1600.
- Enhanced ACT: English, Math and Reading, with Science optional; Composite scored 1 to 36.
- Take a practice test of each and compare before deciding.
Side by side
| Digital SAT | Enhanced ACT | |
|---|---|---|
| Sections | Reading and Writing; Math | English; Math; Reading; Science (optional) |
| Questions and time | RW: 54 in 64 min. Math: 44 in 70 min | English: 50 in 35 min. Math: 45 in 50 min. Reading: 36 in 40 min. Science: 40 in 40 min |
| Total time | 2 h 14 min | About 2 h 5 min without Science |
| Adaptive? | Yes: Module 2 is easier or harder depending on Module 1 | No |
| Calculator | Allowed for all of Math (Desmos built in) | Allowed for Math |
| Scoring | 400–1600 (two sections, 200–800 each) | Composite 1–36 (average of English, Math, Reading) |
| Science | No separate section; science contexts appear in questions | Optional section, with a separate STEM score |
Sources: College Board and ACT. Check each organisation's site for the latest details before you register.
The biggest practical differences
- Time per question. The SAT gives more time per question: about 71 seconds in Reading and Writing and about 95 seconds in Math. ACT English allows 42 seconds per question and ACT Reading about 67 seconds. If you feel rushed on timed tests, the SAT may suit you better.
- Reading style. SAT Reading and Writing uses one short passage per question. ACT Reading uses longer passages with several questions each.
- Adaptivity. On the SAT, a strong first module leads to a harder second module with a higher score ceiling. The ACT is the same for everyone.
- Science. If you're strong in science and applying to STEM programs, the ACT's optional Science section and STEM score may be worth considering. Check whether your colleges want it.
How to decide
- Take a full-length timed practice test of each. The College Board offers free SAT practice tests in Bluebook, and ACT offers free practice material on its website. You can also take TutorAura's free Digital SAT practice test.
- Compare the results using the colleges' published ranges for each test, not raw scores.
- Think about how each felt. Pacing and stress matter on test day.
- Commit to one test. Preparing for both at once usually means doing neither well.
If the results are close, choose the one you prefer and focus your preparation on it.
Do colleges prefer one?
No. US colleges that consider test scores accept both. Policies differ in other ways: some colleges require scores, some are test-optional and a few don't consider them. Some superscore (combine your best section scores across dates). Check each college's admissions website for its current policy; see our guide to SAT superscoring.
Preparing once you've chosen
Whichever test you choose, the same principles work: start with a timed practice test, focus on the skills that cost you the most points, practise under timed conditions, and review every mistake. For the SAT, see our SAT study plan and how to improve your SAT score.
Frequently asked questions
Is the ACT or SAT easier?
Neither is easier overall. The SAT gives more time per question and is adaptive; the ACT has more questions in less time and an optional Science section. Practice tests show which suits you.
Is Science still on the ACT?
On the enhanced ACT, Science is optional and isn't included in the Composite score. Students who take it receive a separate STEM score.
Do colleges prefer the SAT or ACT?
No. US colleges that consider test scores accept either.
Should I take both the SAT and ACT?
Usually not. Take a practice test of each, choose the one that suits you, and focus your preparation on it.
Sources
- ACT and PreACT Changes and Enhancements. ACT.
- The Enhanced ACT Explained. ACT Student Blog.
- How Long Does the SAT Take?. College Board Blog.
- SAT Suite of Assessments Calculator Policy. College Board.
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